Indian pitches no hurdle for the great bowlers
The hallmark of a great bowler is that he is able to take wickets everywhere - in any climactic conditions, on all kinds of pitches and against the strongest opposition
Partab Ramchand
03-Aug-2000
The hallmark of a great bowler is that he is able to take wickets
everywhere - in any climactic conditions, on all kinds of pitches and
against the strongest opposition. But when it comes to Indian turf,
all kinds of theories have been propounded. The pitches in this
country have traditionally been either bald spin tracks or batsman
friendly strips. Given this background, visiting fast bowlers have
generally been apprehensive of their chances in India, even after
taking into account the perpetual weakness of Indian batsmen against
pace. Visiting spin bowlers might fancy their chances of being
successful, until one also considers the fact that Indian batsmen have
always been excellent players of the turning ball.
The fact remains that if the bowler is outstanding, he will overcome
any hurdle and be successful. This is true of Indian conditions, no
matter what the theorists may pontificate. A glance at the bowlers who
have done well in India over the years makes it a complete list - fast
bowlers, medium pacers, bowlers who are experts at swing and cut, left
arm spinners, off spinners, leg spinners et al. Let's take a look at
the long list of great bowlers who have taken Indian conditions in
their stride, blasted the baseless theories out of shape and done well
in this country - with a couple of famous exceptions which shall be
dealt with at the end.
Fast bowlers: Some of the breed have indeed found it heart breaking to
bowl quick on Indian pitches. Even Brian Statham took only eight
wickets in five Tests in 1951-52 at over 36 apiece. But then he was a
rookie in only his second season of international cricket. Before him,
the West Indian spearhead Prior Jones took 17 wickets in five Tests in
1948-49. And in 1956-57, Ray Lindwall, though past his best, still
took 12 wickets in three Tests at 16.62 each including figures of
seven for 43 in India's second innings in the first Test at Madras.
Two years later Wesley Hall and Roy Gilchrist proved that fast bowlers
could be positively destructive. Hall took 30 wickets in five Tests
and Gilchrist 26 in four Tests as West Indies registered three
successive victories. A year later, Alan Davidson displayed his class.
Even on pitches that blunted his left arm pace, he finished with 29
wickets in five Tests. His successor as the Australian spearhead,
Graham McKenzie too enjoyed bowling in India. In 1964-65, he took 13
wickets in three Tests at a little over 16 apiece. Five years later,
he was still good enough to take 21 wickets in five Tests at 21 each.
In 1974-75, Andy Roberts displayed skill and stamina in taking 32
wickets at just over 18 apiece in five Tests. Two years later, Bob
Willis finished the five match series with 20 wickets at 16.75 apiece.
In 1983-84, India were laid low in the six Test series by the twin
menace of Malcolm Marshall (33 wickets) and Michael Holding (30
wickets). And four years later, another great West Indian fast bowler
Courtney Walsh proved his class by taking 26 wickets in four Tests.
For good measure, he added another 17 in three Tests in 1994-95. Two
years later, Allan Donald, despite limited opportunities, took ten
wickets in three innings at 14.10 apiece. And Pakistan's great fast
bowlers Imran Khan and Wasim Akram have not exactly been failures on
the tours of India.
Medium pacers: Normally one would associate this breed of bowlers to
have the least success in Indian conditions. But the outstanding
players have still extracted enough from generally docile Indian
pitches to come up trumps. In 1948-49, West Indies' Gerry Gomez picked
up 16 wickets in a high scoring five match series. In 1952-53,
Pakistan's master of cut and swing Fazal Mahmood took 20 wickets in
five Tests. In 1964-65, Bruce Taylor, who went on to become New
Zealand's leading wicket taker, took 15 wickets in three Tests in his
debut series. In 1969-70, Dayle Hadlee of New Zealand in three Tests,
took 13 wickets at less than 14 apiece. In 1972-73, England's swing
bowler Geoff Arnold took 17 wickets in four Tests at less than 18
apiece, playing a leading role in his team's victory at New Delhi.
Four years later, Richard Hadlee emulated the deeds of his brother by
taking 13 wickets in three Tests. When he came back to India, in
1988-89, he was not only the master of cut and swing but also the
world record holder and he added another 18 scalps at only 14 apiece.
Debutante John Lever made life hell for the Indian batsmen with his
medium paced swing in 1976-77 when he took 26 wickets cheaply to star
in England's triumph. And Ian Botham, even after being confronted with
particularly dead wickets in 1981-82, showed his class by picking up
17 wickets in a six Test series in which India had only one innings in
almost all the games.
Left arm spinners: The first bowler to do well in India in the very
first Test series played in this country was a left arm spinner.
Hedley Verity, who ranks among the best of his type in the game (he
was good enough to dismiss Don Bradman nine times) took 23 wickets in
the three games at just under 17 apiece. Another leading exponent of
this art from England, Tony Lock captured 22 wickets in 1961-62. Eight
years later, New Zealand's ace spinner Hedley Howarth took 12 wickets
in three Tests at just over 18 apiece. But easily the most successful
left arm spin bowler in Indian conditions has been Derek Underwood. In
three visits to India (1972-73, 1976-77 and 1981-82) he took a total
of 54 wickets from 15 Tests. `Deadly' played a leading role in
England's triumph on the second tour with 29 wickets.
Off spinners: England's leading off spinner on the tour of India in
1951-52, Roy Tattersall lived upto his reputation by taking 21 wickets
in five Tests. For long under the shadow of the great Jim Laker, he
thrived on the additional responsibility, doing much to shape
England's victory at Kanpur. Ten years later, David Allen, who had
succeeded Laker as England's leading off spinner, took the same number
of wickets in five Tests. Bettering this record in 1963-64 was Fred
Titmus, who finished with 27 wickets in five Tests - a notable feat
considering the particularly docile pitches prepared for that rubber.
Lance Gibbs predictably enough, did very well in the 1966-67 series.
In three Tests, he picked up 18 wickets. But all these feats were put
in the shade by Ashley Mallett. The Australian off spinner captured 28
wickets in five Tests in 1969-70. The peerless Gibbs added to his
tally of 1966-67 by taking another 21 wickets in 1974-75. The
tradition off great off spinners doing well in India was maintained by
Saqlain Mushtaq of Pakistan. In two Tests in 1999-2000, he took 20
wickets at just over 15 apiece and then added four more wickets in the
Asian Test Championship match at Calcutta.
Leg spinners: By far the most successful leg spinner in Indian
conditions has been Richie Benaud. In eight Tests in this country
spread over two tours - 1956-57 and 1959-60 - Benaud captured 52
wickets. After a bag of 23 wickets in three Tests on the first tour,
where he played a leading role in the victories at Madras and
Calcutta, Benaud was as much a menace on the latter tour.
As I said, for any rule there will be a few exceptions. Considering
his reputation after capturing 41 wickets the previous season in the
Ashes series against England, Rodney Hogg was a major disappointment
when he came with Kim Hughes' Australian team in 1979-80, taking only
11 wickets in six Tests. And given his stature, Abdul Qadir was
certainly a failure. In six Tests, spread over two tours to this
country, the Pakistan leg spinner took only six wickets at prohibitive
cost. But easily the most remarkable exception has been that of Shane
Warne. One of the greatest spin bowlers of all time, Warne was at the
peak of his powers when he came to India in 1997-98. But first Navjot
Sidhu softened him up and then Sachin Tendulkar took him apart in the
three Tests and the Australian leg spinner had the sorry figures of
ten wickets at 54 apiece.